Immigration from the 19th Century to Modern Times: A Global Analysis with Historical Data and the Brazilian Experience

Abstract

This article examines the profound impact of international migration on human capital accumulation and economic development from the late 19th century to modern times. Drawing upon extensive historical data spanning 1850-2024, this research analyses migration volumes, demographic patterns, economic impacts, and policy transformations across multiple continents. The study demonstrates how immigration has consistently served as a catalyst for economic growth, cultural enrichment, and social transformation, with particular focus on the Brazilian experience following the abolition of slavery in 1888.