Forensic identification commonly rests on estimation of biological sex, age at death, stature, and postmortem interval. This paper proposes a principled, end-to-end, multi-task probabilistic machine learning framework that fuses skeletal and dental measurements, radiographic descriptors, taphonomic variables, and entomological evidence to infer joint posterior distributions. The framework foregrounds calibrated probabilities and explicitly models uncertainty, offering a comprehensive approach to forensic anthropological identification.

This report offers a critical and reflexive assessment of the application of gender as a category of historical analysis in Brazilian historiography, focusing on the Republican period from 1889 to 1989. The analysis demonstrates how gender analysis has enabled innovative reinterpretations of key processes in Brazilian history, incorporating critical perspectives on masculinities and intersectionality. The report concludes that citizenship definition, labour organisation, authoritarian projects, and struggles for democracy have been profoundly gendered processes.

The quantum mechanical treatment of molecular rotations and vibrations represents one of the fundamental pillars of modern molecular spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. This comprehensive analysis examines the theoretical foundations underlying rotational and vibrational motion in molecules, with particular emphasis on the coupling between these two degrees of freedom. Beginning with the rigid rotor and harmonic oscillator approximations, we develop the mathematical framework necessary to understand molecular energy levels and spectroscopic transitions. The implications extend beyond fundamental spectroscopy to applications in quantum control, molecular cooling, and quantum information processing.

This article examines the legal frameworks governing criminal liability for caregivers whose negligent conduct results in the preventable deaths of individuals with documented psychiatric conditions. Through comparative doctrinal analysis of three jurisdictions—England and Wales, Portugal, and Brazil—the article argues that existing legal mechanisms for caregiver accountability, while theoretically available, remain underutilised and require reform. The analysis focuses on a specific target class of cases meeting four limiting principles: documented psychiatric diagnosis with clear foreseeability of fatal risk, a duty of care legally imposed or voluntarily assumed, a gross departure from reasonable protective measures, and causation framed as a material contribution to a foreseeable fatal risk.

A systematic review proposing delirium as a final common pathway syndrome driven by neuroinflammatory convergence, integrating recent biomarker evidence with real‑world AI detection models.